Fiscal and Allocation Metering Training

Day 1
Introduction to Fiscal and CT Metering

Learn about the Standard devices required for the metering system, the type of Sales Contracts, International applied Standards, CT practices, Functions fiscal metering system, Mutual Performance expectations, OIML requirements for accuracy and proving and validation issues
Loss Control & LACT

Understand the aim of Loss Control, the importance of representative fuel samples and Lease Automatic Custody Transfer
Applied Accuracy Terminology

Terms like Accuracy, Precision, Standard Deviation & Variance will be explained by clear examples to be able to correctly apply these indispensible terms like repeatability, variability, probability, STD, Systematic Error,
Control Chart tool for Performance monitoring and verification
Fluid Dynamics

Fluid dynamics are the basics of flow measurements that may influence the accuracy of any flow measuring device
Parameters influencing the flow pattern like viscosity, Density, Reynolds number and Bernoulli’s theorem describing the energy balances in a flowing fluid
Next to the latter also standard API Gravity Measurement and Oil Classification will be discussed

Day 2

Continuation – Fluid Dynamics

Since the stability of the Flow Pattern is of paramount importance special attention is paid to the types of possible disturbances to it like e.g. swirl flow and the methods to prevent it by application of flow straighteners and conditioners,
Other important issues will be discussed like cavitation and flashing, the phenomena of choked flow and gas compressibility
Principles of Gas Chromatography

Process Gas Chromatography is applied for the required analysis of a fluid composition as part of the flow metering, this subject will be discussed from the basic principles to the quantitation methods of the analysis results

Heating Value Measuring Methods

Pros and Cons of the different methods to determine the Heating Value of a Gas are discussed like Calorific Value measurements and the GC method using the “Du Long” equation

Moisture and HC Dew-Point Measurements

Next to the principles of Moisture analysis, the effects and risks like hydrate forming by the combination of Water (WDP) and Hydrocarbon Dew Point (HCDP) in Natural Gas will be clarified

Day 3

Applied types of Density measurements

During this day we focus on the different types of measuring methods to accurately measure actual density and specific gravity of a liquid and gas
Density verification methods

Standard Measurement Recommendations

Introduction to the OIML recommended best practices and requirements for fiscal metering and operation
OIML accuracy meter classification and permissible errors
API MPMS Chapter 5.8
Practical Case Example

Flow Metering using ∆ P

Since the ∆ P types of flow measurements are still widely applied this subject will be comprehensively discussed including its advantages and disadvantages compared to other flow measuring principles
The latter includes flow devices like Venturi, Nozzle and their particular applications
What is the actual effect of the Measurement Rangeability, Turn-Down Ratio in relation to the measurement accuracy?
Flow Metering that are applied based on other principles

What issues need to be considered before selection of any type of flow meter for the measurement Volumetric, Mass and Totalized Flow?
What are the other measuring principles, their significant advantages and disadvantages, interferences and typical applications for accurate flow measurements like PD meters, the Turbine flow meters, Transit time type Ultra Sonic flow-meters, Coriolis Mass Flow measurement, Thermal Mass flow, Electro Magnetic and Vortex?

Day 4

Standardised Gas Flow Metering standards

Introduction to the AGA applied terms and factors that are used in the different calculation equations for the main types of Gas flow measuring principles as indicated in the applied standards?
What are the reasons for application of a dedicated Flow Computer and what are the special functions like the standardized calculations and additional functions?

Fiscal Gas Metering Station Design

How is the recommend design of a NG fiscal metering station, which facilities are required and what are generally applied practices for installation?
Flow Calibration

What are the reasons for Flow Meter calibration and practical considerations?
What is the difference between Calibration and Proving?
What are the different types of flow meter calibration systems?
What are the issues concerning testing, calibration and presentation of proving data?
What alternative type of Turbine meter calibration is applied?
What are the trends and best practices?

Day 5

Metering Prover Systems

What are the main types of Prover systems and their specific reasons of application,
How is the way of operation of Tank provers, Piston provers, Displacement types prover, Bi-directional Pipe prover and Ball Prover
What are the reasons for application of a Master Meter system?
What are important general prover issues?
Multiphase Flow and Water Cut measurements

Why is MPF metering not suitable as CT / fiscal metering?
What are the three phase flow properties?
What is meant by “Water-Cut” and how is it measured?
What are the measuring principles for WC like absorption spectroscopy,
What are the applied three phase metering techniques?
What is meant by GVF and WC and what influences do they have on the performance?
Industrial types that will discussed are the developed MPF meters from Roxar, Daniel, Agar, Expro, Haimo, Framo / Schlumberger and Jiskoot.
Summary